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' 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

' H. V. HAYES.

TELEPHONE APPARATUS FOR DIVERS.

Patented Dec. 7, 1886.

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m: NdRRIs PETERS (5a., wxsnlrmran n c W'iwesseq.

(No Modei.) 2 sheets-sheet 2.

' H. v. HAYES. TELEPHONE APPARATUS FORDIVERS.

No. 353,940. Patented Dec. 7. 1886.

1 Inn/(272,607?

. 'is a specification.

UNITED STATES PATENT Orrrcn.

TELEPHONE APPARATUS Poesy/ens.

srncrrtca'rron forming part of Letters Patents'No. 353,940, datedDecember '7, 18 86.

Application filed July), 1886. Serial No. 206.924; tblomodel.)

To aZZ whom it. may concern:

.Be it known that I, HAMMOND rsron HAYES, residing atlCambridge, in thecounty .of Middlesex and State of Mussachusettsmave invented certainImprovements in-"Telephoiie Apparatus for Divers, of which the followingMy invention relates to the application of electric. telephones-to theoutfit ot'divers, so

that oral communication can at all times be maintained between a diverwhen underwater and his associate upon the land. Heret-ofore, andpriorto my inventiomso far as I am aware, all attempts toiestablishtelephonic communication under such circumstances have been of ntativecharac'ter, and have only attained a artial degree of success."

The object of this inve vices which shall combine a high standard ofefficiency 'in operation with perfect reliability,

considerable permanency, and extreme sim- -stituting my'inven-tion,which consists incombining the divers helmet with telephones connectedby an electric circuit with'a corresponding telephone eutfit'to bestationed upon the.

- land.

It further consists in attaching to the inside of the helmettransmitting and receiving telephones the connecting-wire enteringthrough a stuffing-box; in combining with the landtelephon'es a belt andportable battery-box, whereby the instruments and necessary appliancescan be comfortably and conveniently wornby an attendant, and inincluding the telephone-instruments all in a battery-circuit, wherebyasingle battery located upon the'shore is enabled to energize thecomplete circuit.

In the drawings by which the invention is illustrated, and which.formapart of this specification. Figure 1 is a perspective yiew ofthefland outfit, consisting of thevattendants belt, the battery-box andbattery supported thereby, and a combined transmitting and receivingtelephone resting in a hook or clip ntion is to provide- ,tclephoniccommunication by the use of deupon the shore communicating with thediver." Fig'. 3 is a'diagram of the electrical connec- 'tions and thearrangement in circuit of the several appliances, and Fig. 4 -isad'etail showing in section the coupling or stutfing-box by which theconducting-wire enters the divers, helmet. Fig. 5illustrates means ofc0mmuui-' cation between two or more divers under wa 6c ter. Figs; 6 to14, inclusive. are views of certain details or modifications, ashereinafter more particularly set forth.

.I have-ascertained by actual experiment that it is quite possible toexchange messages between adiverv'and his attendant intelligibly by theuse of magneto-telephones exclusively; It is, however, not convenient,by reason of -the noise made by the escaping air and the consequentnecessity of temporarily closing the air-valve, which engages'thediversatten- 'tion. and'compelshim to hold the air-valve close with hishand or by lying on "his back when communicating with the person onshore.

I prefer, therefore, to provide both the diver andhis attendant with abattery-transmitter, which enables the words. to be reproduced,loud'lyand distinctly-1 Moreover, since it is requisite that the divershould not have his freedom of movement hampered or restrained 8c in theslightest degree, and since divers. as a I class, strenuously vobject toanything which tends to such interference, it has not been foundadvisable to provide abattery and induction-coil for each transmitter inthe usual manner, since such a provision would ob-' viouslynecessitateone of twoconditions. both objectionablei. e in the-firstcase thediver i; would have to be encumbered with the additlon of theseappliances; or, on the other hand, 0, additional wires would be requiredto connect this telephones with battery and ind notion-coil on theshore. Ihaqe'tlierefore adoptedthe expedient of using a transmitterwhich is adapted for use in connection with a battery in the maincircuit-such a one, for example,

as the now well-known Hunniugs transmitter--aud I connect in practicethetrnnsmit- 'ters and'receiversboth over and under water in circuitwith a voltaic battery carried, as i hereinafter described, by theattendant upon the shore.- It will be of-course understoodthereon. Fig.2 is adrawing representing the i that to obtain the best results fromthis plan divers telephones in circuit,and an attendan I thereceiving-telephones must be wound with wire of low resistance, so thatthe current of the battery shall not be impaired in, strength.

In Fig. 1 the shore appliances are representcd comprising a belt, 1, tobe worn by the attendant, to'which is attached a box or case, 2,preferably of leather, inclosing the battery, the cover 4 of which canbe secured by a lock, or in any desired way; Wires 15 and 16 are shownleading from this battery-box down tp the divcrs apparatus, and otherwires, 13 and 14, lead from the battery-boxto the transmitter 8 andreceiver 7, through the circuit-clos,

ing key 9, supporting-bar 6, and wire 12. The

key-anvil a is in electrical connection with the mass of granulatedcarbon is inclosed between two conducting-plates included in theline-cir- 'cuit,'while the receiving-telephone 7 is preferablyconstructedsubstantially upon the plan elaborated'and described inLetters Patent issued June 8, 1886, to.E. .,T."Gilliland. No. 343,449,in which 'acast iron cup, formingth'e diaphragm-seat, incloses asoft-iron magnetcore surroundcd'by an electromagnetic helix included, bymeans of screw-posts 10, in the line-circuit. I am 'noflhoweyer,restricted to the use of these special'instruments, since, es-

- pecially at the land-station, anysuitable tele- .phones may beemployed without departingfrom the spirit of my invention.

Fig. 2 shows the method of using the divers telephones. The attendantupon the shore is represented as being in the act of: using thecombination-instrumeut A, which, by means, ofthe double conductor 0, isunited electrically t0, binding-screws fixed upon or within thebattery-case 2, which the said attendant carries at his belt -1.

The main wires 15 and 16 are, for convenience, twisted round theair-tube T, which is led into the helmet H of the diver D, the main wire15 (which is of course carefully insulated) being also'condu'ctcd intothe helmet through the coupling or appliance 17, (shown in Fig. 4,) inwhich H represents the side of the helmet and 15 the main wire whichends on the inside of the said helmet in the terminal 21. Theconducting-wire 23 of the covered conductor 15 isinsulatcd from thehelmet by the non-conducting bushing 24, this'being inclosed in thesocket 19, upon which rests the compressing-piece 22 and the gland 18,-any suit; able packing being included in the space between thecompressor andthe bushing. The receiver 7 and transmitter 8, affixedwithin the helmet, are brought into the circuit by a wire lendingfrom-the terminal 21 through thought desirable.

ment-say the receiver--to the metal of the helmet, to which it isfinally attached, and

which thus serves as the earth-plate, being surrounded on all sides bythe water. But one wire, 15, passing down to the diver, is abso- 'lutelyessential, as the circuit on the land side can readily be completed bymeans of a short wire leading to a plate let down into the water, or anearth-plate; but for convenience I employ a bare wire-16, to form-thereturncircuit, which may be twisted with the main wire round thepipe ortube T, and which may continue as far into the water as may be In somecases it will be found advantageous to carry it completely to' thehelmet. H, or even to attach it thereto, in

which ca'sethe resistance is reduced to a minimum. The battery which Ihave used consists of two or three cells made of rubber,with zincandpcarbon for the elements ina sal-ammoniac solution, the form ofcarbon being that of a hollow cylinder surrounding the. zinc.

' Fig. 3 shows in diagram the arrangement of circuits. From one pole ofthe battery 3 the wire 15 leads down through thestufiing-box 17 to thetransmitter-8, receiver 7, within the helmet H, and then' to thesubstance of the helmet. and the surrounding water, returnwire 16,te'leph'ones'7 and 8 on thetland, then by wire 11 to'the circuit-closingkey 9, anvil a, and by the wire 14 to the other pole of the battery.

v In the operation of this instrummt.,.i,t.ha attendant wishes to speakwith-the diver, he takes theinstrument from the hook at his side, and ingrasping it presses a key, thus closing the. batterycircuit. The divercan clearly hear anything that is said, even if his car he wishes tospeak, he pulls the life-line L, and the attendant, taking up hisinstruments to not against the receiving-telephone; The key isdepressed, maintaining the circuit closed as long ast'ne conversationlasts. If the diver listen, depresses the key, and in so doing throws onthe battery,so that the diverhas the power to state his wishes.

Itwill be observed that one pole of the battcry3 is marked z, toindicate the zincelement, and that one terminal of the telephone is alsomarked with the same letter. The

purpose of this is to indicate that the receiving-telephon'es should inall cases be so-connected'up that'the battery eurrent passing throughtheir helices willtcnd to strengthen,

instead of to weaken, their initial andpermanent ma netism,

provided for in practice by marking one of the terminals of thetelephone with some easily-.

understood mark, to indicate that pole of the battery which should beconnected with the saidterminal. Bymarkingagiventerminal-- z, forexample--itwill beuni't'ormly understood that the telephone must be soconnected in circuit that the wire leading from thezinc element is to beunited to that terminal.

It will also be understood that, although in and that this can readilybe! the foregoingdescription I have referred uniformly to the attendantand his telephones as being upon the land, my invention includes ofcourse the same elements if located upon a ship or boat, as shown inFig. 5.

v. In carryingout my invention I contemplate also its use between two ormore divers while under water, as illustrated in Fig. 5. In this case Iplace the battery in a hermeticallysealed case, 60, attached to theperson of one or of each of the divers by means of a belt,- 7 orotherwise, and the circuit-wires may enter communicating with theinterior thereof by nent part of the said life-line.

suitable openings.

I do not limit myself to any special means of running the wire betweenthe attendant and the diver. Thus in Fig. 6 the wire 15 is shown astwisted around the life-line L, and in Figs. 7 and 8 it is shown asforming a compo In Fig. 9 vthe wire 15 is shown as separate from boththe life-line L and the tube T, and in Figs. 10 and 11 it is shown asinclosed in the air-tube.

,Other modifications may be made without departing from the spirit ofthe invention.

Having now described my invention and its operation, I claim-- 1. Asystem of telephonic communication for vdivers use, comprising two ormore helo mets, a transmitting and a receiving telephone for eachhelmet, an independent transmitter and receiver above the water, abattery in a hermetically-closed case supported by the diver, and anelectric circuit including said telephones and battery, substantially asdescribed.

2. A system of telephonic communication for divers use, comprising adivers helmet, transmitting and receiving telephones supported thereby,an independent transmitting and receiving telephone for use on shore,and a connecting circuit having one or both terminals in the metal ofthe helmet, substantially as described. 4

3. The combination of the belt, the combination-telephone andsupportinghook therefor carried by-said belt. and the battery and casealso carried by said belt, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses, this 30th day of June, 1886.

HAMMOND VINTON HAYES. Witnesses:

Tnos. D. LOOKWOOD, GEO. WILLIs PIERCE.

